June 23 - Events

Events

• 79 – Titus succeeds his father Vespasian as the tenth Roman Emperor.
• 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
• 1305 – A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
• 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
• 1532 – Henry VIII and François I sign a secret treaty against Emperor Charles V.
• 1565 – Turgut Reis (Dragut), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.
• 1611 – The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
• 1661 – Marriage contract between Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza.
• 1683 – William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
• 1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia,Canada.
• 1757 – Battle of Plassey – 3,000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army underSiraj Ud Daulah at Plassey.
• 1758 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld – British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.
• 1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut – Austria defeats Prussia.
• 1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).
• 1794 – Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
• 1810 – John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.
• 1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon I of France invades Russia.
• 1860 – The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
• 1865 – American Civil War: at Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate, Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
• 1868 – Christopher Latham Sholes receives a patent for the Typewriter.
• 1887 – The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
• 1894 – The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
• 1914 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.
• 1917 – In a game against the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore retires 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for punching the umpire.
• 1919 – Estonian Liberation War: the decisive defeat of German Freikorps (Baltische Landeswehr) forces in the Battle of Cesis (Võnnu lahing). This day is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.
• 1926 – The College Board administers the first SAT exam.
• 1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to circumnavigate the world in a single-engine plane.
• 1938 – The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
• 1940 – World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
• 1941 – The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.
• 1942 – World War II: the first selections for the gas chamber at Auschwitz take place on a train full of Jews from Paris.
• 1942 – World War II: Germany's latest fighter, a Focke-Wulf FW190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey inWales.
• 1943 – World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterraneanafter she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
• 1946 – The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake strikes Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
• 1947 – The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
• 1958 – The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers.
• 1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career.
• 1959 – A fire in a resort hotel in Stalheim (Norway) kills 34 people.
• 1961 – Cold War: the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent, comes into force after the opening date for signature set for the December 1, 1959.
• 1967 – Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.
• 1968 – 74 are killed and 150 injured in a football stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium.
• 1969 – Warren E. Burger is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring Chief Justice Earl Warren.
• 1972 – Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins.
• 1972 – 45 countries leave the Sterling Area allowing their currencies to fluctuate independently of the British Pound.
• 1973 – A fire at a house in Hull, England which kills a six year old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.
• 1985 – A terrorist bomb aboard Air India flight 182 brings the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.
• 1989 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that a law passed by the U.S. Congress banning all sexually oriented phone message services is unconstitutional.
• 1991 – Moldova declares its independence.