September 1 - Events

Events

• 462 – Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
• 1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the old town of Visoki.
• 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marchioness of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
• 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed atHarmandir Sahib.
• 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss'sCovenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
• 1715 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years — the longest of any major Europeanmonarch.
• 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow
• 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California.
• 1804 – Juno, one of the largest main belt asteroids, is discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
• 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
• 1859 – Solar Superstorm
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly – Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by GeneralSherman.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
• 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
• 1875 – A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Pennsylvanian Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
• 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she was recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
• 1894 – More than 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota.
• 1897 – The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.
• 1902 – A Trip to the Moon, considered one of the first science fiction films, is released in France.
• 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
• 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established.
• 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship.
• 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd.
• 1914 – The last passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
• 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following theTreaty of Ghent.
• 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
• 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.
• 1934 – SMJK Sam Tet is founded by Father Fourgs from the St. Michael Church, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
• 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the war in Europe.
• 1939 – George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
• 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date.
• 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Army (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization).
• 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
• 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate.
• 1969 – A revolution in Libya brings Muammar al-Gaddafi to power, which is later transferred to the People's Committees.
• 1969 – Tran Thien Khiem became Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyen Van Thieu.
• 1970 – Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerrillas, who attacked his motorcade.
• 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky and becomes the world chess champion.
• 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds.
• 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km.
• 1980 – Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope ends in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
• 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes president of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah.
• 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.
• 1982 – Canada adopts the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as part of its Constitution.
• 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded.
• 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board die, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald.
• 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic.
• 1990 – The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist is founded, following a split from the Communist Labour Party of Turkey.
• 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union
• 2004 – Beslan school hostage crisis commences when armed terrorists take children and adults hostage in Beslan in North Ossetia, Russia.
• 2006 – Luxembourg becomes the first country to complete the move to all digital television broadcasting.