November 28 - Events

Events

• 1095 – On the last day of theCouncil of Clermont, Pope Urban IIappoints Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse to lead the First Crusadeto the Holy Land.
• 1443 – Skanderbeg and his forces liberate Kruja in Middle Albania and raise the Albanian flag.
• 1520 – After navigating through theSouth American strait, three ships under the command of Portugueseexplorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first Europeans to sail from theAtlantic Ocean to the Pacific.
• 1582 – In Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway pay a £40 bond for their marriage licence.
• 1660 – At Gresham College, 12 men, including Christopher Wren,Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society.
• 1729 – Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-dayNatchez, Mississippi.
• 1785 – The Treaty of Hopewell is signed.
• 1811 – Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, was premiered at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig.
• 1814 – The Times in London is for the first time printed by automatic, steam powered presses built by the German inventorsFriedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer, signaling the beginning of the availability of newspapers to a mass audience.
• 1821 – Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spainand joins Gran Colombia.
• 1843 – Ka Lā Hui: Hawaiian Independence Day – The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation.
• 1862 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Cane Hill, Union troops under General John Blunt defeat General John Marmaduke's Confederates.
• 1893 – Women vote in a national election for the first time: the New Zealand general election.
• 1895 – The first American automobile race takes place over the 54 miles from Chicago's Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois. Frank Duryea wins in approximately 10 hours.
• 1905 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland.
• 1907 – In Haverhill, Massachusetts, scrap-metal dealer Louis B. Mayer opens his first movie theater.
• 1910 – Eleftherios Venizelos, leader of the Liberal Party, wins theGreek elections again.
• 1912 – Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 – World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, theNew York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.
• 1918 – Bucovina voted for the union with the Kingdom of Romania.
• 1919 – Lady Astor is elected as a Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. She is the first woman to sit in the House of Commons. (Countess Markiewicz, the first to be elected, refused to sit.)
• 1920 – Irish War of Independence: Kilmichael Ambush - The Irish Republican Army ambush a convoy of British Auxiliaries and kill seventeen.
• 1929 – Ernie Nevers of the then Chicago Cardinals scores all of the Cardinals' points in this game as the Cardinals defeat the Chicago Bears 40-6.
• 1942 – In Boston, Massachusetts, a fire in the Cocoanut Grovenightclub kills 491 people.
• 1943 – World War II: Tehran Conference – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, Iran to discuss war strategy.
• 1958 – Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon become autonomous republics within the French Community.
• 1960 – Mauritania becomes independent of France.
• 1964 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 probe towardMars.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: National Security Council members agree to recommend that U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson adopt a plan for a two-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippines President Elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam.
• 1972 – Last executions in Paris, of the Clairvaux Mutineers, Roger Bontems and Claude Buffet, guillotined at La Sante Prison. (Bontems had been found innocent of murder by the court, but as Buffet's accomplice is condemned to death anyway.) The chief executioner is Andre Obrecht.
• 1975 – East Timor declares its independence from Portugal.
• 1975 – As the World Turns and The Edge of Night, the final twoAmerican soap operas that had resisted going to pre-taped broadcasts, air their last live episodes.
• 1979 – Air New Zealand Flight 901, a DC-10 operated sightseeing flight over Antarctica, crashes into Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board.
• 1984 – Over 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wifeHannah Callowhill Penn are made Honorary Citizens of the United States.
• 1987 – South African Airways flight 295 crashes into the Indian Ocean, killing all 159 people on-board.
• 1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution – In the face of protests, theCommunist Party of Czechoslovakia announces it will give up itsmonopoly on political power.
• 1991 – South Ossetia declares independence from Georgia.