November 3 - Events

Events

• 644 – Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim caliph, is assassinated by a Persian slave in Medina.
• 1468 – Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops.
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea.
• 1783 – John Austin, a highwayman, is the last person to be publicly hanged at London's Tyburn gallows.
• 1783 – The American Continental Army is disbanded.
• 1793 – French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined.
• 1812 – Napoleon's armies are defeated at the Battle of Vyazma
• 1817 – The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal, Quebec.
• 1838 – The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
• 1848 – A greatly revised Dutch constitution, drafted by Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, severely limiting the powers of the Dutch monarchy, and strengthening the powers of parliament and ministers, is proclaimed.
• 1867 – Garibaldi and his followers are defeated in the Battle of Mentana and fail to end the Pope'sTemporal power in Rome (it would be achieved three years later).
• 1883 – American Old West: Self-described "Black Bart the poet" gets away with his last stagecoachrobbery, but leaves a clue that eventually leads to his capture.
• 1903 – With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.
• 1905 – Czar Nicholas II of Russia signs a document of amnesty for political prisoners.
• 1911 – Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.
• 1913 – The United States introduces an income tax.
• 1918 – Austria-Hungary enters into an armistice with the Allies, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.
• 1918 – Poland declares its independence from Russia.
• 1930 – Getúlio Dornelles Vargas becomes Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.
• 1935 – George II of Greece regains his throne through a popular plebiscite.
• 1942 – World War II: The Koli Point action begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 12.
• 1943 – World War II: 500 aircraft of the U.S. 8th Air Force devastate Wilhelmshafen harbor in Germany.
• 1944 – World War II: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
• 1957 – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2. On board is the first animal to enter orbit, a dog named Laika.
• 1964 – Washington D.C. residents are able to vote in a presidential election for the first time.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Dak To begins.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the "silent majority" to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.
• 1973 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet.
• 1978 – Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1979 – Greensboro massacre: Five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group ofKlansmen and neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.
• 1982 – The Salang tunnel fire in Afghanistan kills up to 2,000 people.
• 1986 – Iran-Contra Affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been secretly selling weapons to Iran in order to secure the release of seven American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
• 1986 – The Federated States of Micronesia gain independence from the United States of America.
• 1988 – Sri Lankan Tamil mercenaries try to overthrow the Maldivian government. At President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's request, theIndian military suppresses the coup attempt within 24 hours.
• 1996 – Death of Abdullah Çatlı, leader of the Turkish ultra-nationalist organisation Grey Wolves in the Susurluk car-crash, which leads to the resignation of the Turkish Interior Minister, Mehmet Ağar (a leader of the True Path Party, DYP).
• 1997 – The United States of America imposes economic sanctions against Sudan in response to its human rights abuses of its own citizens and its material and political assistance to Islamic extremist groups across the Middle East and Eastern Africa.
• 2007 – Pervez Musharraf declares emergency rule across Pakistan. He suspends the Constitution, imposes a State of Emergency, and fires the chief justice of the Supreme Court.