Events
- 362 – A mysterious fire destroys the temple of Apollo at Daphne outside Antioch.
- 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heiankyo (now Kyoto).
- 1383 – The 1383-1385 Crisis in Portugal: King Fernando dies without a male heir to the Portuguese throne, sparking a period of civil war and disorder.
- 1575 – Foundation of Aguascalientes.
- 1633 – Battle of southern Fujian sea: The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company.
- 1707 – Scilly naval disaster: four British Royal Navy ships run aground near the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell and thousands of sailors drown.
- 1730 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed.
- 1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter.
- 1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
- 1790 – Warriors of the Miami tribe under Chief Little Turtle defeat United States troops under GeneralJosiah Harmar at the site of present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the Northwest Indian War.
- 1797 – One thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris, André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recordedparachute jump.
- 1836 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.
- 1844 – The Great Anticipation: Millerites, followers of William Miller, anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day became known as the Great Disappointment.
- 1875 – First telegraphic connection in Argentina.
- 1877 – The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.
- 1878 – The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton.
- 1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.
- 1895 – In Paris an express train overruns a buffer stop and crosses more than 30 metres of concourse before plummeting through a window at Gare Montparnasse.
- 1907 – Panic of 1907: A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will lead to a depression.
- 1910 – Dr. Crippen is convicted at the Old Bailey of poisoning his wife and is subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison in London.
- 1924 – Toastmasters International is founded.
- 1926 – J. Gordon Whitehead sucker punches magician Harry Houdini in the stomach in Montreal.
- 1927 – Nikola Tesla exposed his six (6) new inventions including motor with onephase electricity
- 1928 – Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus.
- 1934 – In East Liverpool, Ohio, Federal Bureau of Investigation agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.
- 1941 – World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
- 1943 – World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Aachen: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.
- 1953 – Laos gains independence from France.
- 1957 – Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam.
- 1960 – Independence of Mali from France.
- 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Sovietnuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.
- 1963 – A BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes in UK with the loss of all on board.
- 1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but turns down the honor.
- 1964 – Canada: A Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee selects the design which becomes the new official Flag of Canada.
- 1966 – The Supremes become the first all-female music group to attain a No. 1 selling album(The Supremes A' Go-Go).
- 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 12.
- 1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting theEarth 163 times.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: In Saigon, Henry Kissinger and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu meet to discuss a proposed cease-fire that had been worked out between Americans and North Vietnamese in Paris.
- 1975 – The Soviet unmanned space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.
- 1976 – Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders ofdogs. The dye is still used in Canada.
- 1981 – The United States Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization for itsstrike the previous August.
- 1981 – The TGV railway service between Paris and Lyon is inaugurated.
- 1983 – Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires theSupermax model of prisons.
- 1999 – Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy France government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.
- 2005 – Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record with 22 named storms.
- 2006 – A Panama Canal expansion proposal is approved by 77.8% of voters in a National referendum held in Panama.
- 2007 – Raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 Tamil Tiger commandos. All except one died in this attack. Eight Sri Lankan Air Force planes are destroyed and 10 damaged.
- 2008 – India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1.
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